Paul Whiteman, general secretary of school leaders’ union NAHT, said: “We know from our members that more than a decade of underinvestment has left schools struggling with outdated and inadequate facilities, and that many are in a state of disrepair. Some are impacted by crumbly concrete, or asbestos, but even those that aren’t find that they have areas of school that are in desperate need of repair just to keep them safe.

“As this report shows, this means schools having to teach in facilities that are not fit for purpose. We are concerned about the impact this has on children’s education – in particular for pupils with exams this year.

“Since 2010 we have seen a 50% real-terms decline in capital funding and the government has allowed the school estate to fall into a state of disrepair. We urgently need a clear plan, backed with new money from the Treasury, to properly repair or replace buildings so they are fit for purpose. Our children deserve to be taught in modern, fit for purpose well-equipped buildings that are safe, comfortable and conducive to learning.”